Q: Photosynthesis occurs in which part of the plant cell?

A) Mitochondria

B) Chloroplast

C) Nucleus

D) Ribosome

Answer: B) Chloroplast

Q: The primary pigment involved in photosynthesis is:

A) Carotene

B) Xanthophyll

C) Chlorophyll

D) Anthocyanin

Answer: C) Chlorophyll

Q: The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the:

A) Stroma

B) Thylakoid membrane

C) Cytoplasm

D) Mitochondria

Answer: B) Thylakoid membrane

Q: The Calvin cycle occurs in the:

A) Thylakoid membrane

B) Stroma

C) Cytoplasm

D) Grana

Answer: B) Stroma

Q: Which gas is absorbed by plants during photosynthesis?

A) Oxygen

B) Nitrogen

C) Carbon dioxide

D) Hydrogen

Answer: C) Carbon dioxide

Q: In which process is oxygen released as a by-product?

A) Respiration

B) Photosynthesis

C) Fermentation

D) Transpiration

Answer: B) Photosynthesis

Q: Which process converts glucose into energy in plant cells?

A) Photosynthesis

B) Respiration

C) Transpiration

D) Fermentation

Answer: B) Respiration

Q: The site of gas exchange in a plant is the:

A) Root hairs

B) Stomata

C) Phloem

D) Xylem

Answer: B) Stomata

Q: Which plant hormone is responsible for cell elongation?

A) Ethylene

B) Gibberellin

C) Auxin

D) Abscisic acid

Answer: C) Auxin

Q: Which hormone is involved in fruit ripening?

A) Auxin

B) Gibberellin

C) Ethylene

D) Cytokinin

Answer: C) Ethylene

Q: What is the process of water movement through a plant called?

A) Photosynthesis

B) Respiration

C) Transpiration

D) Fermentation

Answer: C) Transpiration

Q: Which process occurs in the mitochondria of plant cells?

A) Photosynthesis

B) Respiration

C) Transpiration

D) Fermentation

Answer: B) Respiration

Q: What is the function of xylem in plants?

A) Transporting nutrients

B) Transporting water

C) Transporting hormones

D) Transporting sugars

Answer: B) Transporting water

Q: Phloem is responsible for transporting:

A) Water

B) Minerals

C) Sugars

D) Oxygen

Answer: C) Sugars

Q: Which hormone inhibits plant growth and promotes dormancy?

A) Auxin

B) Gibberellin

C) Ethylene

D) Abscisic acid

Answer: D) Abscisic acid

Q: Which process involves the synthesis of ATP in chloroplasts?

A) Photophosphorylation

B) Glycolysis

C) Krebs cycle

D) Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer: A) Photophosphorylation

Q: The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by:

A) Root pressure

B) Guard cells

C) Xylem cells

D) Phloem cells

Answer: B) Guard cells

Q: The initial step of the Calvin cycle involves the fixation of CO2 to:

A) Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP)

B) 3-Phosphoglycerate (3-PGA)

C) Glucose

D) Pyruvate

Answer: A) Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP)

Q: Which mineral is essential for chlorophyll synthesis?

A) Nitrogen

B) Phosphorus

C) Potassium

D) Magnesium

Answer: D) Magnesium

Q: Which process reduces NADP+ to NADPH?

A) Glycolysis

B) Calvin cycle

C) Light-dependent reactions

D) Krebs cycle

Answer: C) Light-dependent reactions

Q: What are the main products of photosynthesis?

A) Glucose and oxygen

B) Water and carbon dioxide

C) ATP and NADPH

D) Glucose and water

Answer: A) Glucose and oxygen

Q: Which element is a key component of ATP, DNA, and RNA in plants?

A) Nitrogen

B) Phosphorus

C) Potassium

D) Calcium

Answer: B) Phosphorus

Q: The main role of potassium in plants is:

A) To form cell walls

B) To regulate stomatal opening

C) To synthesize proteins

D) To activate enzymes

Answer: B) To regulate stomatal opening

Q: The process by which plants lose water vapor from aerial parts is called:

A) Respiration

B) Transpiration

C) Photosynthesis

D) Translocation

Answer: B) Transpiration

Q: What is the primary site of photosynthesis in plants?

A) Roots

B) Stems

C) Leaves

D) Flowers

Answer: C) Leaves

Q: Which pathway in photosynthesis is used by C4 plants to fix CO2?

A) Calvin cycle

B) Hatch-Slack pathway

C) CAM pathway

D) Glycolysis

Answer: B) Hatch-Slack pathway

Q: CAM plants are adapted to:

A) Temperate climates

B) Tropical climates

C) Arid climates

D) Aquatic environments

Answer: C) Arid climates

Q: The function of the Casparian strip in roots is to:

A) Facilitate water uptake

B) Block passive flow of materials

C) Transport nutrients

D) Store food

Answer: B) Block passive flow of materials

Q: Which process describes the movement of water from roots to leaves in plants?

A) Translocation

B) Transpiration

C) Osmosis

D) Active transport

Answer: B) Transpiration

Q: The cohesion-tension theory explains the movement of water in:

A) Phloem

B) Xylem

C) Stomata

D) Guard cells

Answer: B) Xylem

Q: Which plant hormone is involved in promoting cell division?

A) Ethylene

B) Auxin

C) Cytokinin

D) Gibberellin

Answer: C) Cytokinin

Q: Which gas is a by-product of photosynthesis?

A) Nitrogen

B) Oxygen

C) Carbon dioxide

D) Methane

Answer: B) Oxygen

Q: What is the term for plants growing toward light?

A) Geotropism

B) Phototropism

C) Hydrotropism

D) Thigmotropism

Answer: B) Phototropism

Q: Which process do plants use to take up water from the soil?

A) Active transport

B) Osmosis

C) Diffusion

D) Translocation

Answer: B) Osmosis

Q: What role does mycorrhizae play in plant physiology?

A) Nitrogen fixation

B) Enhancing water absorption

C) Photosynthesis

D) Respiration

Answer: B) Enhancing water absorption

Q: The movement of sugar in plants from source to sink is called:

A) Transpiration

B) Translocation

C) Osmosis

D) Diffusion

Answer: B) Translocation

Q: Which pigment absorbs light energy for photosynthesis?

A) Carotene

B) Chlorophyll

C) Xanthophyll

D) Anthocyanin

Answer: B) Chlorophyll

Q: Which process produces ATP in the mitochondria?

A) Glycolysis

B) Krebs cycle

C) Oxidative phosphorylation

D) Fermentation

Answer: C) Oxidative phosphorylation

Q: The primary electron donor in the light-dependent reactions is:

A) NADP+

B) ATP

C) Water

D) Glucose

Answer: C) Water

Q: Which hormone is primarily responsible for seed germination?

A) Abscisic acid

B) Ethylene

C) Gibberellin

D) Auxin

Answer: C) Gibberellin

Q: The fluid-filled space inside the chloroplast is called the:

A) Thylakoid

B) Stroma

C) Grana

D) Matrix

Answer: B) Stroma

Q: In which part of the leaf does most photosynthesis occur?

A) Epidermis

B) Mesophyll

C) Vascular bundles

D) Guard cells

Answer: B) Mesophyll

Q: The splitting of water molecules during photosynthesis is called:

A) Photolysis

B) Hydrolysis

C) Glycolysis

D) Oxidation

Answer: A) Photolysis

Q: Which structure in the root helps in the absorption of water and minerals?

A) Root hairs

B) Xylem

C) Phloem

D) Cortex

Answer: A) Root hairs

Q: Which molecule acts as the energy currency in cells?

A) NADPH

B) ATP

C) Glucose

D) Pyruvate

Answer: B) ATP

Q: Which of the following is a micronutrient for plants?

A) Nitrogen

B) Phosphorus

C) Iron

D) Potassium

Answer: C) Iron

Q: The main function of stomata is to:

A) Absorb water

B) Facilitate gas exchange

C) Transport nutrients

D) Store food

Answer: B) Facilitate gas exchange

Q: Which of the following processes is inhibited by abscisic acid?

A) Seed dormancy

B) Stomatal closure

C) Cell division

D) Fruit ripening

Answer: C) Cell division

Q: The Calvin cycle requires which molecule to proceed?

A) ATP

B) NADPH

C) CO2

D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Q: Which process occurs in the cytoplasm of plant cells?

A) Calvin cycle

B) Krebs cycle

C) Glycolysis

D) Light-dependent reactions

Answer: C) Glycolysis

Q: Which hormone promotes leaf abscission?

A) Gibberellin

B) Cytokinin

C) Ethylene

D) Auxin

Answer: C) Ethylene

Q: Which process is responsible for the formation of root nodules in legumes?

A) Photosynthesis

B) Nitrogen fixation

C) Transpiration

D) Translocation

Answer: B) Nitrogen fixation

Q: Which structure in a plant cell contains chlorophyll?

A) Mitochondria

B) Ribosome

C) Chloroplast

D) Nucleus

Answer: C) Chloroplast

Q: The term “photoperiodism” refers to a plant’s response to:

A) Light intensity

B) Duration of light and dark periods

C) Temperature changes

D) Water availability

Answer: B) Duration of light and dark periods

Q: The primary site of ATP synthesis in the cell is the:

A) Chloroplast

B) Nucleus

C) Mitochondria

D) Golgi apparatus

Answer: C) Mitochondria

Q: Which gas is a by-product of respiration in plants?

A) Oxygen

B) Carbon dioxide

C) Nitrogen

D) Hydrogen

Answer: B) Carbon dioxide

Q: The process by which roots grow toward water is called:

A) Phototropism

B) Geotropism

C) Hydrotropism

D) Thigmotropism

Answer: C) Hydrotropism

Q: Which process converts nitrogen gas into a form usable by plants?

A) Photosynthesis

B) Respiration

C) Nitrogen fixation

D) Transpiration

Answer: C) Nitrogen fixation

Q: The main structural component of the plant cell wall is:

A) Cellulose

B) Starch

C) Protein

D) Lipid

Answer: A) Cellulose

Q: Which molecule is regenerated in the Calvin cycle and is essential for its continuation?

A) ATP

B) NADPH

C) RuBP (Ribulose bisphosphate)

D) Glucose

Answer: C) RuBP (Ribulose bisphosphate)

Q: The pressure that develops within a plant cell due to water entering the cell is called:

A) Osmotic pressure

B) Turgor pressure

C) Diffusion pressure

D) Atmospheric pressure

Answer: B) Turgor pressure

Q: The primary function of the root cap is to:

A) Absorb nutrients

B) Protect the root tip

C) Store food

D) Synthesize hormones

Answer: B) Protect the root tip

Q: Which molecule is the main carrier of energy in plant cells?

A) Glucose

B) ATP

C) NADH

D) FADH2

Answer: B) ATP

Q: The movement of ions across a membrane against their concentration gradient requires:

A) Passive transport

B) Diffusion

C) Osmosis

D) Active transport

Answer: D) Active transport

Q: Which part of the plant is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?

A) Roots

B) Stems

C) Leaves

D) Flowers

Answer: C) Leaves

Q: Which process involves the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy?

A) Respiration

B) Photosynthesis

C) Transpiration

D) Fermentation

Answer: B) Photosynthesis

Q: Which hormone is known as the “stress hormone” in plants?

A) Auxin

B) Cytokinin

C) Ethylene

D) Abscisic acid

Answer: D) Abscisic acid

Q: Which pigment is responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors in plants?

A) Chlorophyll

B) Carotene

C) Xanthophyll

D) Anthocyanin

Answer: D) Anthocyanin

Q: Which part of the plant conducts water and minerals from the roots to the leaves?

A) Phloem

B) Xylem

C) Stomata

D) Cortex

Answer: B) Xylem

Q: The Calvin cycle is also known as the:

A) Light-dependent reactions

B) Light-independent reactions

C) Krebs cycle

D) Electron transport chain

Answer: B) Light-independent reactions

Q: Which molecule is a product of the Calvin cycle and used to form glucose?

A) ATP

B) NADPH

C) G3P (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

D) CO2

Answer: C) G3P (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

Q: Which enzyme is crucial for the carbon fixation step in the Calvin cycle?

A) ATP synthase

B) RuBisCO

C) NADP+ reductase

D) Hexokinase

Answer: B) RuBisCO

Q: The process of moving synthesized food substances from leaves to other parts of the plant is called:

A) Transpiration

B) Translocation

C) Photosynthesis

D) Respiration

Answer: B) Translocation

Q: Which process is involved in the opening and closing of stomata?

A) Diffusion

B) Active transport

C) Osmosis

D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Q: The region of rapid cell division in plants is called the:

A) Apical meristem

B) Lateral meristem

C) Vascular cambium

D) Cork cambium

Answer: A) Apical meristem

Q: Which mineral is essential for the synthesis of chlorophyll in plants?

A) Nitrogen

B) Iron

C) Potassium

D) Calcium

Answer: B) Iron

Q: Which structure controls the entry and exit of gases in the plant?

A) Stomata

B) Root hairs

C) Phloem

D) Xylem

Answer: A) Stomata

Q: Which molecule carries electrons during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A) ATP

B) NADPH

C) Glucose

D) Pyruvate

Answer: B) NADPH

Q: Which of the following is not a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A) ATP

B) NADPH

C) Oxygen

D) Glucose

Answer: D) Glucose

Q: Which structure in the chloroplast is the site of the Calvin cycle?

A) Thylakoid membrane

B) Stroma

C) Grana

D) Lamella

Answer: B) Stroma